The overlooked component: Feed as a source of Neurochemicals

The content of neurochemicals in swine feed, particularly from plant-based ingredients, significantly influences the gut microbiome and overall health of pigs. Plants naturally produce neurochemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine as part of their stress response. These compounds, when incorporated into swine diets, can directly interact with the microbiome and host physiology.

For example, legumes like beans and seeds contain precursors such as L-Dopa, which resist high processing temperatures, which can influence serotonin production. These plant-derived neurochemicals have been shown to modulate microbial populations in the gut, promoting beneficial bacteria and enhancing gut health. However, their effects depend on the type and concentration of these neurochemicals in the diet.

In addition to plants, animal-derived feed ingredients such as meat, bone meal, and fish meal are notable sources of bioavailable neurochemicals. These by-products, commonly used in swine nutrition, are rich in amino acids like tryptophan and tyrosine, which serve as precursors for serotonin and dopamine synthesis. Moreover, fish meal contains omega-3 fatty acids, which indirectly support neurochemical pathways by reducing inflammation and promoting gut integrity. Cheese and it is byproducts which are used in several countries to feed pigs can have tyramine

The shift away from antibiotic use in animal production has heightened the importance of leveraging such natural dietary components. Neurochemicals in feed can act as signalling molecules, influencing microbial activity and even the host’s stress response. For instance, serotonin-rich feed can improve gut motility and immune function, reducing the negative impacts of stress.

Climate stress also affects the neurochemical profiles of feed crops, altering their composition and, consequently, their impact on swine health. Understanding these variations and their interactions with the microbiome is essential for developing resilient feeding strategies. Future research focusing on the integration of plant-derived neurochemicals in swine diets holds promise for enhancing health and productivity. if we had a bad harvest season and plants would have been more stressed – Should we start considering this when formulating?  As we continue to learn more about this interactions we might have an answer on this soon