EFSA evaluates the use of high expansion foam for stunning and killing pigs

The method, called Nitrogen (high) Expansion Foam Stunning in container (NEFS in container), which creates a low-oxygen environment, has the potential to be a humane alternative to on-farm culling, especially during infectious disease outbreaks.

The use of this method is currently not allowed in the EU. However, EFSA evaluated whether this method can provide an equivalent or higher level of animal welfare than the currently approved methods, such as high-concentration carbon dioxide exposure and electrical water baths.

EFSA's overall assessment is valid only under the technical conditions described in the opinion for laying hens, chickens of all ages, and pigs between 15 and 41 kg in situations other than slaughter.

Main findings:

• Animal Welfare: High expansion foam appears to offer a level of animal welfare comparable to approved methods, avoiding unnecessary stress during the killing process.
• Implementation: proper equipment implementation and adequate personnel training are essential to ensuring effectiveness.
• Recommendations: The use of automated control systems and the availability of alternative killing methods in case of system failures are suggested.

EFSA recommends that the effects and mechanisms of this method be further investigated to ensure its reliability and efficiency in terms of animal welfare.